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Using a mobile phone before going to bed is bad for your health, says new study

Using a mobile phone before going to bed can damage your health, according to a major study.

It claims that radiation from the handset can cause insomnia and headaches as well as cutting the time spent in deep sleep.

Failing to get enough sleep can lead to depression, lack of concentration and personality changes.

In teenagers and young children, lack of sleep can result in attention disorders and poor academic performance.

It may be nice to have a chat in bed but using your mobile phone at bedtime can cause insomnia

The research, carried out by scientists funded by handset manufacturers, will add to the health fears surrounding radiation emitted by the devices.

The results showed that using the handsets before bed causes people to take longer to reach the deeper stages of sleep and to spend less time in them.

Deep sleep is essential as it is the time when the body rejuvenates cells and repairs damage suffered during the day.

Dr Chris Idzikowski, director of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said: "There is now more than sufficient evidence from a large number of reputable investigators who are finding that mobile phone exposure an hour before sleep adversely affects deep sleep."

In the study scientists examined the sleep patterns of 36 women and 35 men aged 18 to 45.

Some were exposed to radiation that mimicked what a person receives when using a mobile phone. The others received none.

The first group took longer to enter the first of the deeper stages of sleep and spent less time in the deepest one.

The scientists concluded: "The study indicates that during laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless signals components of sleep believed to be important for recovery from daily wear and tear are adversely affected."

The findings will shock many parents whose children routinely chat to friends on their mobiles before sleep.

The study, by scientists from the Karolinska Institute and Uppsala University in Sweden and from Wayne State University in Michigan, is thought to be the most comprehensive of its kind.

The research was published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and funded by the Mobile Manufacturers Forum.

That group claimed the results were inconclusive and that scientists did not claim handsets caused sleep disturbance.

But Professor Bengt Arnetz, who led the study, said: "We did find an effect from mobile phones from exposure scenarios that were realistic. This suggests that they have measurable effects on the brain."

He believes the radiation may activate the brain's stress system, making people more alert and less able to fall asleep.

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Life on Mars? Amazing photos from Nasa probe reveal mystery figure on Red Planet

Perched on a rock, she could be waiting for a bus.

But if so, she could be in for an awfully long wait.

This photo of what looks remarkably like a female figure with her arm outstretched, was taken on Mars.

Call me rocky: The intriguing image captured by Nasa on Mars

Perhaps unsurprisingly, it has set the Internet abuzz with claims that there really is life on the red planet.

Others may well feel that it is simply an optical illusion caused by a landscape.

Alien life: What seems to be a human-like Martian is pictured on Mars

The image was among many sent back to Earth by Spirit, Nasa's Mars explorer vehicle which landed there four years ago.

Initial inspections revealed nothing unusual, but closer examination by amateur astronomers has thrown up this intriguing picture.

Painstaking: Space enthusiasts spent four years analysing this image, which on much closer inspection shows the 'alien'

As one enthusiast put it on a website: "These pictures are amazing. I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw what appears to be a naked alien running around on Mars."

Another, dismissing cynicism about the somewhat stony look of the "alien", wrote: "If you show me another rock in another photo from Mars, or Earth, that naturally looks like that, I will reconsider."

Say cheese: The mystery image was captured by Nasa's explorer vehicle, Spirit

A third contributor, who might have come closer to the majority view, said: "Ah, the human eye can be tricked so easily."

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The 50 best movie robots

To coincide with the release of Michael Bay's epic Transformers movie we rate the most celebrated 'artifical people' in movies


We selected the fifty most memorable robots in film and rated them in four different categories:

Plausibility (meaning how likely it would be that, with advances on currently existing technology, such a device could be built)

Coolness (just how well designed, shiny or generally well-appointed the robot appeared to be)

Dangerousness (scoring not only on built-in weaponry, but the robot's eagerness to use it)

Comedy Value (how effective the robot is at providing light relief in the film in which it appears)

We then weighted the results according to an arbitrary scale and mixed a few select robots who, while immensely popular, have not as yet appeared in a feature-length production. See if you can find them. There are also a number of popular choices who didn't make the cut because (as best as we can determine from their fictitious setting) they aren't true robots

We've also linked wherever possible to a trailer or representative clip of every movie. We would remind parents and guardians that not all of these clips are suitable for younger viewers.

50: Andrew Martin (Bicentennial Man)
Andrew's model number is NDR-114. This is thought to be a tribute to Stanley Kubrick, who used the lucky number in several of his films for example A Clockwork Orange and Dr. Strangelove

Plausibility: 8 Coolness: 0 Dangerousness: 0 Comedy Value:0
49: Daryl (D.A.R.Y.L)

"He is a Data Analyzing Robot Youth Lifeform. Daryl is an experiment in artificial intelligence. All I can say is he was never meant to leave here and he was certainly not to be with people like yourself"

Plausibility: 8 Coolness: 0 Dangerousness: 1 Comedy Value: 0

48: Twiki (Buck Rogers in the 25th Century)

Mel Blanc, the voice of Twiki, also provided voices for hundreds of cartoons, including the Buck Rogers parody Duck Dodgers and the Return of the 241/2th Century

Plausibility:0 Coolness: 0 Dangerousness: 0 Comedy Value:10

47: Rodney (ROBOTS)

"He's got your moms eyes and my dads nose. I knew we were smart to save those parts"

Plausibility: 0 Coolness: 1 Dangerousness: 0 Comedy Value: 9

46: Preston (A Close Shave)

The evil robotic dog is named for director Nick Park's home town

Plausibility: 0 Coolness: 0 Dangerousness: 4 Comedy Value:10

45: C3-PO (Star Wars franchise)

C3-PO gets his name from the map grid reference of George Lucas' local Post Office

Plausibility:3 Coolness:3 Dangerousness:0 Comedy Value:9

44: Max 404 (Android)

"Maggie! This is my only chance. I'm to be phased out as soon as Cassandra's on her feet. Doctor'll probably turn me into a sprinkler-head for the greenhouse"

Plausibility:6 Coolness: 2 Dangerousness: 7 Comedy Value:0

43: Vectrocon robot spiders (Runaway)

Runaway was expected to be the science-fiction smash of 1985 but was outperformed from the left-field by a low-budget movie called The Terminator

Plausibility:3 Coolness:4 Dangerousness:6 Comedy Value:2

42: House Robots (Sleeper)

"Is he housebroken or is he going to leave batteries all over the floor?"

Plausibility: 5 Coolness: 0 Dangerousness:0 Comedy Value: 10

41: Eve VIII (Eve of Destruction)

"I'd kill to have that jacket"

Plausibility: 1 Coolness: 5 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value:0

40: Mystery philanthropic robots (Batteries Not included)

"This is the '80s! Nobody likes reality any more"

Plausibility: 8 Coolness: 2 Dangerousness: 3 Comedy Value: 3

39: Hector, Demigod 3 series (Saturn 3)

"I am not malfunctioning. You are"

Plausibility:3 Coolness:5 Dangerousness:8 Comedy Value:2

38: Maria (Metropolis)

Arguably the most influential, and certainly one of the most expensive sci-fi films ever: Some sources put the total cost at four times the original budget. The final cost of the film was in the region of 7 million marks (aprroximately $200 million today)

Plausibility:0 Coolness:10 Dangerousness: 8 Comedy Value:0

37: Terminator Series X (Terminator 3, Rise of the Machines)

"She'll be back"

Plausibility: 3 Coolness: 6 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value: 0

36: Robot police force (THX1138)

"Everything will be all right. You are in my hands. I am here to protect you. You have nowhere to go. You have nowhere to go"

Plausibility:7 Coolness: 6 Dangerousness: 7 Comedy Value:0

35: Johnny 5 (Short Circuit)

"What if it goes out and melts down a bus load of nuns? How would you like to write the headline on that one?"

Plausibility:10 Coolness:0 Dangerousness:1 Comedy Value:8

34: The Sentinels (The Matrix )

"Woah"

Plausibility:0 Coolness:9 Dangerousness: 9 Comedy Value:0

33:Giant Nazi Robots (Sky Captain)

Inspired by the giant evil robots who battle Superman in Max Fleischer's influential 1941 cartoon

Plausibility:0 Coolness:8 Dangerousness:10 Comedy Value:1

32: Cylons (Battlestar Galactica)

"By your command."

Plausibility:3 Coolness:6 Dangerousness:10 Comedy Value:0

31: Battle Droids (Star Wars franchise)

"Roger roger"

Plausibility:0 Coolness:8 Dangerousness:4 Comedy Value:8

30: Optimus Prime (Transformers)

The word "Transformer" is used only once in the entire film - when a character ascribes an explosion and power failure to "a blown transformer".

Plausibility:0 Coolness:10 Dangerousness:10 Comedy Value:0

29: Daft Punk (in their feature film Electroma)

Two robots drive through the Southwestern American landscape in a 1987 Ferrari 412 that doesn't transform into anything.

Plausibility: 1 Coolness: 10 Dangerousness: 0 Comedy Value:10

28: Bishop (Aliens)

"Well, that explains it then. The A2s always were a bit twitchy. That could never happen now with our behavioral inhibitors. It is impossible for me to harm or by omission of action, allow to be harmed, a human being"

Plausibility:6 Coolness:7 Dangerousness:7 Comedy Value:1

27: Ash (Alien) - Warning: Gruesome clip

Ash's 'blood' is mixed water and food colouring. Milk could not used in large quantities as it would have soured under the hot studio lights, although a small amount is used for close-ups of his inner workings - together with a mixture of pasta and marbles.

Plausibility:6 Coolness:5 Dangerousness:10 Comedy Value:1

26: Max (The Black Hole)

The robot name "V.I.N.CENT" is supposed to be an acronym of "Vital Information Necessary CENTralized". B.O.B.'s name stands for "BiO-sanitation Battalion," while S.T.A.R.'s is an acronym for "Special Troops/Arms Regiment. No-one knows what Max stands for.

Plausibility:4 Coolness:5 Dangerousness:9 Comedy Value:4

25: Terminator Series 1000 (Terminator 2)

The groundbreaking computer-aided visual effects used in Terminator 2 to create the T-1000 won the Oscar for Visual Effects.

Plausibility: 2 Coolness: 9 Dangerousness 10 Comedy Value: 1

24: V-Ger (Star Trek the Motion Picture)

Towards the end of the film V'ger is revealed to be a radically enhanced version of the unmanned scientific probe Voyager 6, which was part of the Voyager program, and 'launched in the "twentieth century'.

Plausibility: 10 Coolness: 0 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value:2

23: Data (Star Trek franchise)

"0.68 seconds sir. For an android, that is nearly an eternity"

Plausibility:4 Coolness: 7 Dangerousness:2 Comedy Value:10

22: Fembots (Austin Powers franchise)

The Fembots' lethal brassiere is based on one worn by Ursula Andress in cult Italian sci-fi movie 'The 10th Victim'

Plausibility: 1 Coolness: 8 Dangerousness: 4 Comedy Value:10

21: Claire Wellington (The Stepford Wives)

"I asked myself, 'Where would people never notice a town full of robots?'"

Plausibility: 7 Coolness: 6 Dangerousness: 8 Comedy Value : 2

20: Dewey (Silent Running )

In the film, the three drones are named after Donald Duck's nephews, Huey, Louie and Dewey.

Plausibility: 7 Coolness: 2 Dangerousness: 8 Comedy Value :6

19: Box (Logan’s Run)

"Welcome Humans! I am ready for you"

Plausibility:6 Coolness:3 Dangerousness:6 Comedy Value:8

18: Marvin (Hitchikers' guide to the galaxy)

"Life? Don't talk to me about life!"

Plausibility: 1 Coolness: 8 Dangerousness: 4 Comedy Value:10

17: Gigolo Joe (A.i)

"Patricia... once you've had a lover-robot you'll never want a real man again"

Plausibility: 7 Coolness: 9 Dangerousness: 5 Comedy Value: 3

16: Robbie the Robot (Forbidden Planet inter alia)

Uniquely, for a movie robot, Robbie had a long and varied career beyond Forbidden Planet, appearing in many popular US TV series such as "The Thin Man", "Lost in Space", "The Twilight Zone", "The Addams Family", "The Love Boat", "Columbo", "Mork and Mindy", and, most recently, "Clueless".

Plausibility:5 Coolness:6 Dangerousness:6 Comedy Value:7

15:Mechagodzilla (Gojira tai Mekagojira)

Essentially a gigantic dinosaur-shaped Terminator, Mechagodzilla first appears in a false Godzilla 'skin' before it is burned off in battle to reveal his true shiny chromium form.

Plausibility: 1 Coolness: 5 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value: 8

14: The Gunslinger (Westworld)

Michael Crichton's inspiration for Westworld was the original animatronic Pirates of the Caribbean ride at Disneyland.

Plausibility:6 Coolness:7 Dangerousness: 9 Comedy Value:3

13: Gort (The Day The Earth Stood Still)

The actor inside the seamless suit was Lock Martin, the doorman from Grauman's Chinese Theatre, chosen for his great height., Unfortunately he was not a particularly strong man and had to rely on hidden wires camera dollies, and lightweight dummies to help him in scenes where Gort was called upon to carry a human being.

Plausibility:6 Coolness:10 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value:0

12: Droideka Droids (Star Wars: The Phantom Menace)

The Droideka can fire up to 240 dual blasts a minute (unless their blaster arms get too hot)

Plausibility:8 Coolness: 8 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value:0

11: R2-D2 (Star Wars franchise)

"Your droids! We don't serve their kind here!"

Plausibility:5 Coolness:10 Dangerousness:2 Comedy Value: 10

10: The Sentinels (X-Men 3)

In the third and perhaps final X-Men movie, the fan favourites are inserted in a 'virtual reality' cameo role.

Plausibility:9 Coolness:9 Dangerousness:10 Comedy Value:0

9: Sonny (I-Robot)

Detective: "Can a robot write a symphony? Can a robot turn a canvas into a beautiful masterpiece?"
Sonny: "Can you?"

Plausibility: 7 Coolness: 7 Dangerousness:7 Comedy Value:7

8: Evil Bill & Ted (Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey )

"Okay, dudes... oh I mean fellow policemen. my son Ted Theodore Logan, and his friend Bill S. Preston ESQ. have been murdered and replaced by evil robots from the future"

Plausibility:0 Coolness:9 Dangerousness:9 Comedy Value:9

7: ABC Warriors (Judge Dredd)

"Status? Commander? Mission?"

Plausibility: 8 Coolness: 9 Dangerousness: 8 Comedy Value: 3

6: Swarms of robot spiders (Lost In Space)

The spiders are nameless aggressors, but the robot in the original series did have a (rarely-mentioned) name: in the third-season of the parent TV show it was shown in its packing crate, and the crate was labelled "ONE General Utility Non-Theorizing Environmental ROBOT" with the G, U, N, T, E, and all letters in "ROBOT" in red capital letters, while all the other letters were black; suggesting the acronym "GUNTER"

Plausibility: 9 Coolness: 10 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value: 0

5: ED 209 (Robocop)

"Please put down your weapon. You have 20 seconds to comply"

Plausibility: 9 Coolness:9 Dangerousness:10 Comedy Value:1

4: SID 6.7 (Virtuosity)

"Just because I'm carrying the joy of killing your family inside me doesn't mean we can't be friends"

Plausibility: 10 Coolness: 10 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value: 0

3:Kitt (Knight Rider)

David Hasselhoff and William Daniels (voice of K.I.T.T.) first met at a Christmas party six months after 'Knight Rider' started shooting.

Plausibility: 10 Coolness: 8 Dangerousness: 6 Comedy Value: 8

2: HAL9000 (2001, A Space Odyssey)

"I know you and Frank were planning to disconnect me, and I'm afraid that's something I cannot allow to happen"

Plausibility: 10 Coolness: 8 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value: 5

1: Terminator Series 800/Model 101 (The Terminator)

O.J. Simpson was considered for the role of the Terminator, but the producers thought he might be "too nice" to be taken seriously as a cold-blooded killer

Plausibility:5 Coolness: 11 Dangerousness: 10 Comedy Value: 9

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